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Thermal Analysis Of Fibers
Physical and chemical changes in fibers may be investigated by measuring changes in selected properties as small samples of fiber are heated at a steady rate over a given temperature range in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen. The four thermal characterization methods are differential thermal analysis (OTA), differential scanning calorimetry (OSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermal mechanical analysis(TMA) .
In OTA, small changes in temperature (~T) in the fiber sample compared to a reference are detected and recorded as the sampl e is heated. The changes in temperature (~T) are directly related to physical and chemical events occurring within the fiber as it is heated. These events include changes in crystallinity and crystal structure, loss of water, solvents, or volatile materials, melting, and decomposition of the fiber.
OSC is similar to OTA but measures changes in heat content (~H) rather than temperature (~T) as the fiber is heated, and it provides quantitative data on the thermodynamic processes involved.
In an inert gas such as nitrogen,most processes are endothermic (heat absorbing). If OTA or OSC is carried out in air with oxygen, data may be obtained related to the combustion characteristics of the fiber, and fiber decomposition becomes exothermic(heat generating).
TGA measures changes in mass (~M) of a sample as the temperature is raised at a uniform rate. TGA provides information concerning loss of volatile materials, the rate and mode of decomposition of the fiber, and the effect of finishes on fiber decomposition.
TMA measures changes in a specific mechanical property as the temperature of the fiber is raised at a uniform rate. A number of specialized mechanical devices have been developed to measure mechanical changes in fibers, including hardness and flow under stress.
2020-01-07 15:04
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